Method and apparatus for providing a graphical user interface for creating and editing a mapping of a first structural description to a second structural description

ABSTRACT

A method, apparatus, and computer program product for providing a graphical user interface for creating and editing a mapping of structured information to different structured information, which allows a user to interactively define the mapping. The present invention operates as a user tool by accepting interactive input from a user of a source input, processing the input to display the source input in a format for accepting user commands to create or edit a transformation map of source components to target components. Interactive user input is accepted for selection of an input file to be transformed and selection of a transformation map for the requested transformation. Interactive user input is accepted for processing for selection of individual components of the first structured information format for mapping, and for selection of options for the target components. Exemplary options for the target components are a null value, the source component itself, a single selected target component, or plural selected target components. Interactive user input is accepted for processing to assign attribute values to components of the second structured information format. Exemplary options for the sources of attribute values are attribute values obtained from the source components, system attribute values, no value, attribute values input interactively by the user through the user interface, and content of element. Interactive user input is then accepted and processed to initiate processing of a transformation of the source input file in the first structured information format to a target output file in the second structured information format.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to and being concurrently filed with twoother patent applications: U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/______,Attorney Docket No. 5244-0063-2X, entitled “Method and Apparatus ForMapping Structured Information to Different Structured Information” andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/_____, Attorney Docket No.5244-0067-2X, entitled “Object-Oriented System and Computer ProgramProduct For Mapping Structured Information to Different StructuredInformation”, each filed on ______, 1997, and incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates generally to providing a user interface formapping structured information to different structured information. Thepresent invention relates more specifically to providing a userinterface for processing a document encoded in a markup language format,a database information format, an ISO/IEC 9070 naming scheme, a UNIXfile name scheme, or a DOS file name scheme, transforming it intoanother markup language format, another database information format, anISO/IEC 9070 naming scheme, a UNIX file name scheme, or a DOS file namescheme. The invention is more specifically related to a method andapparatus for providing a user interface for mapping in which a userinteractively defines the mapping for the transformation.

2. Discussion of the Background

Standard Generalized Markup Language (“SGML”) is an informationmanagement standard adopted by the International Organization forStandardization (“ISO”), as ISO 8879:1986, as a means for providingplatform-independent and application-independent documents that retaincontent, indexing, and linked information. SGML provides a grammarlikemechanism for users to define the structure of their documents and thetags they will use to denote the structure in individual documents. Acomplete description of SGML is provided in Goldfarb, C. F., The SGMLHandbook, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990, and McGrath, S.,Parseme.1st: SGML for Software Developers, Prentice Hall PTR, NewJersey, 1998, which are incorporated herein by reference.

HyperText Markup Language (“HTML”) is an application of SGML that usestags to mark elements, such as text or graphics, in a document toindicate how Web browsers should display these elements to the user andshould respond to user actions such as activation of a link by means ofa key press or mouse click. HTML is used for documents on the World WideWeb. HTML 2.0, defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (“IETF”),includes features of HTML common to all Web browsers as of 1995, and wasthe first version of HTML widely used on the World Wide Web. Future HTMLdevelopment will be carried out by the World Wide Web Consortium(“W3C”). HTML 3.2, the latest proposed standard, incorporates featureswidely implemented as of early 1996. A description of SGML and HTMLfeatures is given in Bradley, N., The Concise <SGML> Companion, AddisonWesley Longman, New York, 1997, which is incorporated herein byreference.

A Graphical User Interface (“GUI”) is an environment that representsprograms, files, and options by means of icons, menus, and dialog boxeson a screen. An icon is an image, displayed on a screen or other outputdevice, that can be manipulated by a user. By serving as a visualpictorial representation of a function that is available, an icongenerates a user-friendly interface by freeing the user of the burden ofhaving to remember commands or type them on a keyboard. A menu is a listof options from which the user can make a selection to perform a desiredaction. A dialog box is a special window, or area, displayed on a screenor other output device, to solicit a response from the user. In a GUI,the user can select and activate options by pointing and clicking with amouse or by keystrokes on the keyboard. The preceding descriptions werederived from definitions given in the Computer Dictionary, ThirdEdition, Microsoft Press, Washington, 1997.

ISO and International Electrotechnical Commission (“IEC”) form aspecialized system for worldwide standardization. ISO/IEC 9070:1991(E)is an international standard which is applied to an assignment of uniqueowner prefixes to owners of public text conforming to ISO 8879. Thestandard describes the procedures for making an assignment and themethod for constructing registered owner names from them. Procedures forself-assignment of owner prefixes by standards bodies and otherorganizations are also specified. ISO/IEC 9070:1991(E) is incorporatedherein by reference.

UNIX and DOS are well-known operating systems for computers. Both UNIXand DOS support a file naming scheme which involve a path from a rootdirectory, through descendant directories, to leaf nodes which arenon-directory file names.

Processing systems are known in which a data processor converts adocument encoded in a markup language automatically to another format.For example, Balise software from Computing Art, Inc. processesdocuments encoded in SGML to convert them to a formatted output for userviewing. However, this software does not allow the user to interactivelydefine the mapping of SGML tags to another format.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide a novel method,apparatus, and computer program product which provides a graphical userinterface for processing information encoded in a structured informationformat to transform the information into another structured informationformat, and which allows a user to interactively define the mapping forthe transformation. Exemplary structured information formats includemarkup language formats, database information formats, an ISO/IEC 9070naming scheme, a UNIX file name scheme, and a DOS file name scheme.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel method,apparatus, and computer program product which provides a graphical userinterface for defining conversion of Standard Generalized MarkupLanguage (“SGML”) documents into HyperText Markup Language (“HTML”)documents, which allows a user to interactively define the mapping forthe transformation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel method,apparatus, and computer program product which provides a graphical userinterface for defining conversion of information in a database formatinto information in a different database format, which allows a user tointeractively define the mapping for the transformation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel method,apparatus, and computer program product which provides a graphical userinterface for defining conversion of information from an ISO/IEC 9070naming scheme into a UNIX file name scheme, which allows a user tointeractively define the mapping for the transformation.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a novel method,apparatus, and computer program product which provides a graphical userinterface for defining conversion of information from an ISO/IEC 9070naming scheme into a DOS file name scheme, which allows a user tointeractively define the mapping for the transformation.

These and other objects are accomplished by a method, apparatus, andcomputer program product which provides a graphical user interface forprocessing information encoded in a structured information format, suchas a markup language format, or such as a database information format,to transform the information into another structured information format,such as a markup language format, or such as another databaseinformation format, which allows a user to interactively define themapping for the transformation.

An exemplary transformation for the present invention is conversion ofSGML documents into HTML documents. For explanation of this example, thepresent invention has been developed as a tool to allow a user to definethe transformation of an SGML document into an HTML document or otherstructured format, for example, a database information format. The usertool for this example is currently implemented in the format of aGraphical User Interface (“GUI”) using Object Oriented Programming(“OOP”) technology.

For this example, the current invention is designed to provide a userwith a graphic tool to transform documents written in a cryptic SGMLformat into another structured format for greater viewing ease and forgreater portability of documents and information. The user interfaceprovides the user with selectable options of performing a default orconditional mapping. The user interface provides the user withselectable options of selecting an input SGML Document Type Definition(“DTD”) or a currently existing map. The user interface displays theinput for the user to select individual source components of the input.The user interface provides the user with selectable options fortransformation of the individual source components such as a mapping ofa source component to a target null value, a mapping of a sourcecomponent to itself, a mapping of a source component to a single targetcomponent, or a mapping of a single source component to plural targetcomponents. If the user selects a conditional mapping, then specialcases, such as a history of an element being referenced previously, arechecked and processed using further interactive input from the userusing the user interface.

The user interface also provides selectable options to the user forassigning attribute values for the target components. Exemplary optionsare attribute values obtained from the source components, systemattribute values, no value, and attribute values input interactively bythe user using the user interface.

The user interface allows the user to interactively select options fortransformation, and options for assigning attribute values for thetarget components, and the selected options are processed to create atransformation rule for the source component.

The invention accepts interactive user input, to be processed by a mapcreator, for making plural changes to any of the component mappingvalues the user desires until the user inputs a command to cease theinteractive input and create a transformation map. The transformationrules are processed by a map creator to create the transformation map.

The invention accepts user input for selecting an input source file fortransformation to a target output file using an already existing mapspecified interactively by the user. The user input is then processed,and the requested input file and map are then processed to transform theinput file into the requested output file format. The created outputfile is then sent to the user specified destination.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendantadvantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes betterunderstood by reference to the following detailed description whenconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary Standard Generalized Markup Language(“SGML”) Document Type Definition (“DTD”);

FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary mapping of SGML to HyperText MarkupLanguage (“HTML”);

FIG. 1C illustrates an exemplary SGML document;

FIG. 1D illustrates an exemplary HTML document output from atransformation of the SGML document;

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary browser output generated using the HTMLdocument shown in FIG. 1D;

FIG. 3A illustrates, in tree format, the hierarchical nature of an SGMLdocument and FIG. 3B illustrates the more “flat” structure of an HTMLdocument;

FIG. 4 illustrates a design of the major components for the SGML to HTMLmapping and transformation;

FIG. 5 illustrates, in a data flow diagram format, the flow of datathrough the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 6A illustrates the flow of data and interaction of files throughthe mapping and transformation of information in one structured formatto information in another structured format;

FIG. 6B illustrates the flow of data and interaction of files throughthe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 7 illustrates a file organization of a map class object for theSGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 8A illustrates a map class structure for the map module of the SGMLto HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 8B illustrates the major classes within the map module of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 8C(1) illustrates a map class structure for a source SGML tagattribute class of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 8C(2) illustrates a map class structure for a source SGML contentclass of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 8C(3) illustrates a map class structure for a map service class ofthe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 8C(4) illustrates a map class structure for a map create and editservice class of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 9 illustrates the hierarchical interaction among major modules ofthe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary main application window for the SGML toHTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 11 illustrates exemplary dialog boxes for opening and saving afile;

FIG. 12A illustrates an exemplary window for the Map Processing Optionof the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 12B illustrates an exemplary window for the SGML to HTML MapEditor;

FIG. 12C illustrates an exemplary window for the SGML to HTML Map Editorwith sample data displayed in exemplary dialog windows;

FIG. 13 illustrates a class diagram for the Menu Manager for the SGML toHTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 14 illustrates an object message diagram for startup of the systemof the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 15 illustrates an object message diagram for opening an SGMLdocument for the first time;

FIG. 16 illustrates an object message diagram for opening a new SGMLdocument;

FIG. 17 illustrates the design of the GUI (Graphical User Interface) forthe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIGS. 18A(1)-18A(3) illustrate, in object message diagram format, thebehavior among the objects of the classes for editing a map for the SGMLto HTML mapping and transformation;

FIGS. 18B(1)-18C(3) illustrate, in object message diagram format, thebehavior of the objects of the classes for assigning values to HTMLattributes;

FIG. 19 illustrates a hardware configuration for implementation of theSGML to HTML mapping and transformation;

FIG. 20A illustrates an exemplary public identifier in ISO/IEC 9070format;

FIG. 20B illustrates an exemplary mapping of ISO/IEC 9070 to a UNIX filename format;

FIG. 20C illustrates an exemplary UNIX file name resulting from mappingthe public identifier of FIG. 20A using the map of FIG. 20B;

FIG. 20D illustrates an exemplary user interface display for mapping apublic identifier in ISO/IEC 9070 format to a UNIX file name format;

FIG. 20E illustrates an exemplary user interface display for mapping aregistered owner field in ISO/IEC 9070 format to a UNIX file nameformat;

FIG. 20F illustrates an exemplary user interface for selections for acharacter mapping of a prefix, owner-name component separator in ISO/IEC9070 format to the UNIX file name format;

FIG. 20G illustrates an exemplary user interface for mapping an ownername character in ISO/IEC 9070 format to valid characters of the UNIXfile name format; and

FIG. 20H illustrates an exemplary user interface for a user to map aregistered owner component in ISO/IEC 9070 format to a UNIX file nameformat.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE APPENDICES

Appendix A is an exemplary Standard Generalized Markup Language (“SGML”)Document Type Definition (“DTD”) corresponding to the tree structure ofFIG. 3A;

Appendix B is an exemplary map of SGML elements from the SGML DTD ofAppendix A to HTML elements to produce documents which correspond to thetree structure of FIG. 3B;

Appendix C is an exemplary SGML document which conforms to the SGML DTDof Appendix A;

Appendix D is an HTML document which is generated by using the map ofAppendix B to transform the SGML document of Appendix C into HTMLelements.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designateidentical or corresponding parts throughout the several views, and moreparticularly to FIG. 1A thereof, there is illustrated an exemplaryStandard Generalized Markup Language (“SGML”) Document Type Definition(“DTD”). FIGS. 1A-1D are presented to illustrate sample inputs andoutputs of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation. The functionsperformed during the transformation which generate the outputs aredescribed in detail below, and with respect to FIGS. 4-6B and the objectmessage diagrams of FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3).

FIGS. 1A-1D and Appendices A-D show exemplary SGML DTDs, SGML documents,maps, and HTML documents produced from transforming the SGML documentsusing the maps. FIGS. 3A-3B show exemplary tree structures for the SGMLDTD of Appendix A and the HTML structure resulting from transforming theSGML DTD using the map of Appendix B. FIGS. 1A-1D, Appendices A-D, andFIGS. 3A-3B illustrate mapping SGML DTDs to HTML DTDs. The problem ofDTD to DTD mapping is the default mapping from an SGML instance to anHTML instance based upon the DTDs. SGML tags are either mapped to zeroor more HTML tags, and the sources of HTML attributes must be specifiedin the mapping. A more concise mathematical expression of the problem isgiven below.

Let SS be the space generated by the SGML DTD where SS={S_(i)|i=0, . . ., m}, S_(i)=<Tag Name_(i), Attribute Set_(i)>, and AttributeSet_(i)={Attribute_(j) of Tag Name_(i)|j=0, . . . , n_(i)}+φ. Similarly,let HH be the space generated by the HTML DTD specified by W3C (WorldWide Web Consortium), that is, HH={H_(i)|i=0, . . . , k} where H_(i)corresponds to S_(i) above. Further, let HG be the space generated by HHconsisting of the set of ordered members of HH. Then, HG={null, <H₀>,<H₁>, . . . , <H₀, H₁>, <H₀, H₂>, . . . , <H₁, H₀>, . . . }. Thesequence of legal HTML tags to be mapped are likely to be found in HG.Then the SGML tag to HTML tag mapping is equivalent to the function F:SS→HG+{not-assigned}.

For purposes of this discussion, { } denotes a set, < . . . > denotes anordered set, and + denotes union.

Let HGG be a set generated from SS, F(SS), and HH. HGG consists of theordered set of triplets or null. A triplet consists of S_(i), F(S_(i))and <HTMLTagName, an Attribute> where HTMLTagName belongs to one ofH_(j) in F(S_(i)). Assume H₀ has Attr₀ and Attr₁, H₆ has Attr₀, and S₀and S₁ are mapped to <H₀> and <H₃, H₆>, respectively. Then HGG={null,<S₀, <H₀>, <H₀Tag Name, Attr₀>>, <S₀, <H₀>, <H₀Tag Name, Attr₁>>, . . ., <S₁, <H₃, H₆>, <H₆ Tag Name, Attr₀>>, . . . }. Also, let SAtr be thesource of the HTML Attribute value. Then Satr=AS+AC+{user inputs}+Null,where AS=the set of ordered pairs of tag name and one attribute name,and AC=the set of tag names with character data content. Then theidentification of the attribute source is a function G mapping from HGGto Satr, denoted G: HGG→SAtr.

A complete description of SGML is provided in Goldfarb, C. F., The SGMLHandbook, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1990, and McGrath, S.,Parseme.1st: SGML for Software Developers, Prentice Hall PTR, NewJersey, 1998, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The exemplary SGML document of FIG. 1C, together with the exemplary SGMLDTD of FIG. 1A, and the exemplary mapping of FIG. 1B are utilized in atransformation process to generate the HTML document of FIG. 1D. TheSGML DTD of FIG. 1A and the SGML document of FIG. 1C are together parsedto produce the structural components of the SGML document of FIG. 1C.These components are then utilized in conjunction with the map of FIG.1B to transform the SGML document of FIG. 1C into the HTML document ofFIG. 1D. Further details of the parsing and transformation are explainedbelow, and with respect to FIGS. 4-6B and FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3).

In FIG. 1A, line 22 is a comment line containing the name of the SGMLDTD file. Line 24 is a declaration of an element t containing a modelgroup including elements t1, t2, t3, and t4. The ‘?’ of line 24indicates that an element is optional. The ‘*’ of line 24 indicates thatthe model group may occur any number of times in a valid element t, andmay also be absent. For this example, the SGML document of FIG. 1Cillustrates a valid element t containing elements t1, t2, t3, and t4 ina group in lines 64-70.

Line 26 of FIG. 1A is a declaration of an element t1 having content typeCDATA. The type CDATA means that the element may have a value thatconsists of general characters. For this example, the SGML document ofFIG. 1C includes an element t1 on line 64 having as content the stringof general characters ‘1. Hi Larry’. Usually, content of an element isdelimited by a start tag for the element before the content, and an endtag for the element after the content. A start tag typically includesthe character ‘<’ followed by the name of the element, followed byoptional element information such as attribute information, followed by‘>’. An end tag then includes the characters ‘</’ followed by the nameof the element, followed by ‘>’. In SGML, the delimiters ‘<’ and ‘>’can, by definition, be replaced by other characters.

Line 28 of FIG. 1A is a declaration for an attribute list for theelement t1. An attribute is a property of an element that takes ondifferent values for different instances of elements. For example, anelement ‘person’ typically has an attribute list of attributes ‘name’,‘age’, and ‘haircolor’. A particular first person has name=“Joe Smith”,age=“27”, and haircolor=“brown”, while a second person has name=“SallyJones”, age=“45”, and haircolor=“red”. If the second person desires, herhaircolor attribute is easily changed to haircolor=“blond” by anassignment of a different value. For the example of FIG. 1A, on line 28,the attribute list includes an attribute ‘name’, of type CDATA. Thecharacter string ‘#REQUIRED’ is an attribute value indicating that theattribute must be specified. For this example, in the SGML document ofFIG. 1C the element t1 on line 64 has a general character content valueof “hilarry” assigned to the name attribute of this element t1.

Line 30 of FIG. 1A is a declaration for an element t2, of type CDATA.Line 32 is a declaration of an element t3, of type CDATA. Line 34 is adeclaration of an element t4, of type CDATA.

In the SGML to HTML mapping of FIG. 1B, line 42 illustrates a mappingrule of the element t of line 24 to a string of HTML tags and textincluding ‘<html><title>Title</title>’. Line 44 illustrates a mappingrule of the element t1 of line 26 to a string of HTML tags ‘<H3><ANAME=“the source is t1's name”>’. The sentence between the double quotesof line 44 is a rule rather than an attribute value. Line 46 illustratesa mapping rule of the element t2 of line 30 to an HTML tag ‘<P>’. Line48 illustrates a mapping rule of the element t3 of line 32 to an HTMLtag ‘<P>’. Line 50 illustrates a mapping rule of the element t4 of line34 to a string of HTML tags ‘<P><A HREF=”# the source is t1's name”>’.The sentence between the double quotes of line 50 is a rule rather thanan attribute value.

Referring to the exemplary SGML document of FIG. 1C, line 60 shows thedocument type of the SGML document to be ‘t’, with the DTD correspondingto the SGML document found in the system file “sample1.dtd”. Line 62contains the document start tag ‘<t>’, which indicates that the linesfollowing line 62 are assumed to follow the format defined in the DTD ofFIG. 1A for the element t of line 24. Lines 64, 66, 68, and 70 areexemplary constituent parts of the element t shown on line 24 of FIG.1A, defined for the exemplary SGML document of FIG. 1C. Line 72 containsthe document end tag ‘</t>’, signifying the end of the document.

The HTML document of FIG. 1D is the output of the transformation processutilizing the SGML DTD file of FIG. 1A, the mapping of FIG. 1B, and theSGML document of FIG. 1C. Lines 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, and 94 of FIG.1D are generated from the information contained in each of FIGS. 1A-1C.

The processing of the exemplary input files illustrated in FIGS. 1A-1Cto produce the output document illustrated in FIG. 1D will now bedescribed. First, the SGML document line 60 of FIG. 1C is analyzed todetermine the document type of the input SGML document and the name ofthe system file where the SGML documents DTD is stored. This causes thetransformer to output the DOCTYPE HTML tag illustrated in line 80 ofFIG. 1D, and to open the referenced system file for accessing the DTDfor the current SGML document. A check is performed to determine thatthe DTD does correspond with the current SGML document. Next, the SGMLtag of line 62 is parsed so that the current SGML tag becomes ‘<t>’. Themap of FIG. 1B is referenced to determine that the current SGML tag isthe start tag for the current SGML document, and maps to the HTML tagstring ‘<html><title>Title</title>’. An HTML tag ‘<html>’ is saved forthe current SGML tag ‘<t>’ and is output to line 82 of FIG. 1D. The HTMLtag substring ‘<title>Title</title>’ is output to line 84 of FIG. 1D.

The first SGML tag in the string of line 64 of FIG. 1C is now obtained.The current SGML tag becomes ‘<t1>’. The transformer obtains the currentattribute name and attribute value for the current SGML tag, obtainingan attribute called ‘name’ with a value “hilarry”. The DTD of FIG. 1A isexamined to determine that the SGML tag corresponds to the SGML elementdefined in line 26 of FIG. 1A, with its corresponding attribute listestablished in line 28 of FIG. 1A. The map of FIG. 1B is analyzed todetermine that the current SGML tag's rule is line 44. The mapped HTMLstring ‘<H3><A NAME=’ followed by the current value of the nameattribute for the SGML element t1, which is currently “hilarry”, is thenoutput to the HTML document on line 86 of FIG. 1D. An ‘>’ is then outputto terminate the tag. The HTML tags ‘<H3>’ and ‘<A>’ are saved for thecurrent SGML tag. Next, the parser recognizes text that will be outputto the HTML file on line 86 of FIG. 1D. The parser then recognizes theSGML end tag ‘</t1>’ at which point end tags for all the HTML tagscurrently saved for ‘<t1>’ are output to the HTML document on line 86 ofFIG. 1D in reverse order from which the tags were saved.

Next, the parser recognizes SGML tag ‘<t2>’ from line 66 of FIG. 1C. Thetransformer utilizes the map rule line 46 of FIG. 1B to output HTML tag‘<P>’ shown on line 88 of FIG. 1D, and to save the HTML tag for thecurrent SGML tag ‘<t2>’. The parser then recognizes text which is outputto the HTML file, as shown on line 88 of FIG. 1D. The parser nowrecognizes SGML end tag ‘</t2>’ as terminating the text, at which pointan end tag ‘</P>’ for the HTML tag currently saved for ‘<t2>' is outputto the HTML document on line 88 of FIG. 1D.

The parser now recognizes SGML tag ‘<t3>’ from line 68 of FIG. 1C. Thetransformer utilizes the map rule of line 48 of FIG. 1B to output HTMLtag ‘<P>’, shown on line 90 of FIG. 1D, and to save the HTML tag for thecurrent SGML tag ‘<t3>’. The parser now recognizes text which is outputto the HTML file, as shown on line 90 of FIG. 1D. Next, the parserrecognizes SGML end tag ‘</t3>’ as terminating the text, at which pointthe end tag ‘</P>’ for the HTML tag currently saved for SGML tag ‘<t3>’is output to the HTML document on line 90 of FIG. 1D.

Next, the first SGML tag in the string of line 70 of FIG. 1C isobtained. The current SGML tag is now ‘<t4>’. The transformer obtainsthe current attribute name and attribute value for an SGML tag,obtaining an attribute called ‘name’ with a value “hilarry”. The map ofFIG. 1B is analyzed to determine that the current SGML tag's rule isline 50. The mapped HTML string ‘<P><A HREF=”#' followed by the currentvalue of the name attribute, which is currently “hilarry”, is thenoutput to the HTML document on line 92 of FIG. 1D. An ‘“>’ is thenoutput to terminate the tag. The HTML tags ‘<P>’ and ‘<A>’ are saved forthe current SGML tag ‘<t4>’. Next, the parser recognizes text that willbe output to the HTML file on line 92 of FIG. 1D. The parser nowrecognizes the SGML end tag ‘</t4>’, terminating the text, at whichpoint end tags for all the HTML tags currently saved for ‘<t4>’ areoutput to the HTML document on line 92 of FIG. 1D in reverse order fromwhich the tags were saved for ‘<t4>’.

Next, the parser recognizes the end of the SGML document by recognizinga ‘</t>’ tag of line 72 of FIG. 1C. This is interpreted to indicate anend tag for the SGML tag ‘<t>’. The HTML tags saved for the SGML tag‘<t>’ are then obtained and an end tag for the HTML tag ‘<html>’, theonly tag saved for ‘<t>’, is output to the HTML document as shown online 94 of FIG. 1D. This terminates the current processing of thedocuments.

FIG. 2 shows an output 100 resulting from opening the HTML outputdocument of FIG. 1C as an exemplary What You See Is What You Get(“WYSIWYG”) output of a Web browser on a user's computer screen. Thisoutput is in a format typically preferred by users of the World Wide Webon the Internet. Users employ Web browser programs to request HTMLfiles, and other file types, from servers on the Internet. The browserdownloads a requested HTML file and opens it to display formatted textand images on the user's computer screen. A browser does not have todownload a file but is also capable of displaying an HTML file storedlocal to the computer running the browser or a local area networkconnected thereto.

Referring to FIG. 2, the ‘Title’ line is generated by a browserutilizing line 84 of FIG. 1D. Line 84 includes a start tag ‘<title>’ andan end tag ‘</title>’ to delimit the text of the title to be displayedby the browser, usually in a title bar at the top of the user's computerscreen. The ‘<H3>’ of line 86 of FIG. 1D instructs a Web browser tooutput non-tag text in a larger, more bold format than normal textoutput. As the only text appearing after the HTML start tag ‘<H3>’ is‘1. Hi Larry’, and this is the only text appearing before the HTML endtag ‘</H3>’, the text appears on a computer screen enlarged and bold incomparison with the surrounding text. The ‘<P>’ start tag of line 88instructs a Web browser to display non-tag text delimited by the starttag and its corresponding end tag in a new paragraph. New paragraphsstart on a new line in the output. The end tag ‘</P>’ of line 88instructs a Web browser that this is the end of the current paragraph,and that any non-tag text following this tag will start on a new line onscreen.

On line 86 of FIG. 1D, the tag containing ‘<A name=' is an anchor tag.Anchor tags are used to set place markers in text, and to establishhighlighted text that can be clicked on with a mouse to cause a jump tothe text containing the place marker. For this tag, a place marker isestablished for the browser in the non-tag text following the next ‘>’until the ‘</A>’ end tag is encountered. Line 92 contains another typeof anchor tag containing ‘<A HREF=’. The text appearing on line 92between the anchor tag's ‘>’ and its corresponding end tag ‘</A>’appears on the screen of FIG. 2 as underlined text ‘(Back to the HiLarry greeting.)’. This text is typically displayed in a different colorfrom the surrounding text on the screen. When a user clicks a mouse onthis underlined text, the text marked by the reference anchor tag ofline 86 is pulled in for the user's viewing, surrounded by itsneighboring text.

FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate the transformation of a hierarchical SGMLdocument tree structure to the more “flat” tree structure of an HTMLdocument. FIG. 3A illustrates a hierarchical SGML document treestructure, whereas FIG. 3B illustrates the corresponding “more flat”tree structure of the HTML document corresponding to the SGML documentgraphically displayed in FIG. 3A.

The trees of FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are derived from documents illustratedin Appendices A-D. Appendix A shows an exemplary SGML DTD. The treestructure of FIG. 3A is derived from the SGML DTD of Appendix A. Thetree of FIG. 3A has a root node test 110 which has children nodes front112 and section 114. The node front 112 has children nodes title 116,author 118, and keywords 120. The node section 114 has children nodesnumber 122, title 124, para 126, and subsec 1 128. The node author 118has children nodes fname 130, surname 132, and title 134. The nodesubsec 1 128 has children nodes number 136, title 138, para 140, andsubsec 2 142. The node subsec 2. 142 has children nodes number 144,title 146, and para 148. The tree structure of FIG. 3A which correspondsto the SGML DTD of Appendix A has five levels and twenty nodes.

The tree structure of FIG. 3B corresponds to a generalized HTML documentthat results from utilizing the SGML DTD of Appendix A and a mappingexemplified in Appendix B. Appendix C shows an exemplary SGML documentto be processed through the mapping shown in Appendix B to give an HTMLdocument exemplified in Appendix D. The tree structure of FIG. 3B has aroot node html 150 having two children nodes, head 152 and body 154. Thehead node 152 has a child node title 156. The body node 154 has childrenh3 158 and p 160. The node p 160 has a child strong 162. In contrast tothe tree structure of FIG. 3A which has five levels and twenty nodes,the tree structure corresponding to the resulting HTML document has onlyfour levels and seven nodes.

FIG. 4 illustrates an overview of major modules of the SGML to HTMLmapping and transformation. A Map Module 184 interacts with a Parser 182and a GUI 180 to create the actual mapping from an SGML document to anHTML document. A Transformer 186 interacts with the Map Module 184, theParser 182, and the GUI 180 to transform the SGML document into the HTMLdocument. A Service module 188 contains utility objects which can beutilized by all the modules for utility processing such as filehandling. The GUI 180 handles interaction between a user and the system.The Parser 182 analyzes and breaks down input documents intorecognizable component parts to be passed to other modules of thesystem. For example, in processing the exemplary SGML document of FIG.1C, Parser 182 analyzes the input SGML document recognizing a DTD togenerate a symbol table which can be passed to other modules of thesystem for processing documents. The Parser 182 recognizes line 60 ofFIG. 1C as a ‘DOCTYPE’ tag and processes a DTD specified by a systemfile “sample.dtd” shown in FIG. 1A to generate the symbol table. TheParser 182 would then recognize line 62 of FIG. 1C contents as a starttag for the element t, and would transmit the tag and other taginformation to Transformer 186. Transformer 186 controls the processingof the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation, requesting informationand data from the Map Module 184, the Parser 182, and the Service 188modules when needed.

FIG. 5 illustrates a data flow diagram showing the flow of data throughthe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation. An SGML Application DTD 200and HTML 3.2 DTD 204 are input to an SGML Parser 202. This SGML Parser202 corresponds to the Parser 182 of FIG. 4. An SGML Application SymbolTable 222 and an HTML 3.2 Symbol Table 206 are output from the SGMLParser 202 to be utilized as input to a Map Editor 208, along with aninteractive User 210 input. The Map Editor 208 is contained within theGUI 180 of FIG. 4. The Map Editor 208 outputs a Map 212. The SGMLApplication Symbol Table 222 and an SGML Application Document Instance216 are together input to the SGML Parser 202 to give output to be usedas input, along with the Map 212, to the Transformer 186. Transformer186 corresponds to the Transformer 186 of FIG. 4. Transformer 186 thenoutputs an HTML Document Instance 216. The SGML Application DTD 200 andSGML Application Document Instance 218 are exemplified in FIG. 1A andFIG. 1C, respectively. The HTML Document Instance 216 is exemplified inFIG. 1D. The Map 212 is exemplified in FIG. 1B.

FIG. 6A is a more generalized data flow diagram showing exemplary pathstaken by data flowing through the generalized mapping and transformationof information in one structured format to information in anotherstructured format. A Structural Description of System A 230, togetherwith a Structural Description of System B 232 and interactive User 210input, are input to a Map Editor 208 to output the Map 212. The Map 212and an Instance of System A 238 are then utilized by the Transformer 186to output an Instance of System B 244.

FIG. 6B is a more generalized data flow diagram showing exemplary pathstaken by data flowing through the SGML to HTML mapping andtransformation. An SGML DTD 200, together with an SGML Document 218 andan HTML DTD 260, are input to the Mapping Editor 208 to output the Map212. The Map 212 and the SGML Document 218 are then utilized by theTransformer 186 to output an HTML Document 216. The HTML Document 216corresponds to the HTML Document Instance 216 of FIG. 5. The HTMLDocument 216 is then input to a Browser 262 for user viewing.

The SGML DTD 200, input to an SGML Editor 256, yields output to the SGMLDocument 218. A Database Design 250, input to the Mapping Editor 208,along with the SGML DTD 200 and the SGML Document 218, yield output tothe Map 212 and a Data Base 254. The Map 212 and the SGML Document 218are input to the Transformer 186 to yield output, which, together withthe output from the Mapping Editor 208, are input to the Data Base 254.The Map 212 corresponds to the Map 212 of FIG. 5. The SGML Document 218corresponds to the SGML Application Document Instance 218 of FIG. 5. TheSGML DTD 200 corresponds to the SGML Application DTD 200 of FIG. 5. TheTransformer 186 corresponds to the Transformer 186 of FIG. 5. TheMapping Editor 208 corresponds to the Map Editor 208 of FIG. 5. Arrowsillustrate different paths the documents and data files take fordifferent requests of a user.

FIG. 7 shows a hierarchical view of the DTD Map class object that can bestored in a file. The invention has been implemented using objectoriented techniques, although any programming technique and/or hardwaremay be used to implement the invention. For purposes of thisdescription, a class is a description of the structure and behavior ofan object, while an object is an instance of the item described by aclass. Objects typically communicate by passing objects and messages toeach other. In structure, objects contain other objects or structures ascomponents, as well as variables and methods.

Interpreting the horizontal lines of FIG. 7 from left to right, beginand end delimiters delimit each object in the file. List Begin and ListEnd delimiters delimit lists from left to right. When a DTD Map Objectexists, one or more SGML tag objects are placed between the SGML TagList Begin 363 and SGML Tag List End 365.

The file begins with a Header 360 followed by a DTD Map 361. The DTD Map361 includes, first, a DTD Map Begin 362 followed by an SGML Tag ListBegin 363, followed by at least one SGML Tag 364-1 through an SGML Tag364-n. The sequence of one or more SGML tags is followed by an SGML TagList End 365, followed by a DTD Map End 366. Each SGML Tag 364-1 through364-n includes an SGML Tag Begin 367, an SGML Tag Name 368, followed byan SGML Tag Empty State 369, followed by an SGML Tag Assignment Type370, followed by an HTML Tag List 371, followed by an SGML Tag End 372.

Each HTML Tag List 371 is delimited by an HTML Tag List. Begin 373 atthe beginning and an HTML Tag List End 375 at the end with the listincluding at least one HTML Tag 374-1 through HTML Tag 374-m followingthe HTML Tag List Begin 373.

Each HTML Tag 374-1 through 374-m is delimited by an HTML Tag Begin 376at the beginning and an HTML Tag End 380 at the end. Following the HTMLTag Begin 376 is an HTML Tag Name 377, followed by an HTML Tag EmptyState 378, followed by an HTML Attribute List 379, followed by adelimiter HTML Tag End 380.

Each HTML Attribute List 379 is delimited by an HTML Attribute ListBegin 381 at the beginning and an HTML Attribute List End 383 at theend. Following the delimiter HTML Attribute List Begin 381 is at leastone HTML Attribute 382-1 through an HTML Attribute 382-P, followed by anending delimiter HTML Attribute List End 383.

Each HTML Attribute 382-1 through 382-p is delimited by an HTMLAttribute Begin 384 at the beginning and an HTML Attribute End 389 atthe end. Following the HTML Attribute Begin 384 is an HTML AttributeName 385, followed by an HTML Attribute Source Type 386, followed by anHTML Attribute Source 1 387, followed by an HTML Attribute Source 2 388,if one exists. The delimiter HTML Attribute End 389 terminates thelisting of contents.

FIG. 8A shows major class dependencies 424 for the DTD Map object. Forpurposes of explanation of the figures that follow, arrows show classdependencies, meaning that an object having an arrow pointing to it iscontained within the object originating the arrow. A Map object 400includes a pointer to an object DTDMap 402. A pointer is a value thatrepresents an absolute address of an item in computer memory. A pointerto an object is used to access the information stored for theimplementation of a particular object by, minimally, referencing thepointer name and the field or function name within the object. ViewingFIG. 7 and FIG. 8A together, the DTDMap 402 of FIG. 8A, corresponding tothe DTD Map 361 of FIG. 7, includes, via pointers, an SGMLTagList 404corresponding to the SGML Tag 364-1 through 364-n of FIG. 7. TheSGMLTagList 404 of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, a class SGMLTag 406corresponding to each of the SGML Tags 364-1 through 364-n of FIG. 7.The SGMLTag class 406 of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, HTMLTagList408, which corresponds to the HTML Tag List 371 of FIG. 7. TheHTMLTagList 408 of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, an HTMLTag 410 whichcorresponds to each of the HTML Tag 374-1 through HTML Tag 374-m of FIG.7. The HTMLTag 410 of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, an HTMLAttrList412 class which corresponds to the HTML Attribute List 379 of FIG. 7.The HTMLAttrList 412 of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, an HTMLAttr 414class which corresponds to the HTML Attributes 382-1 through 382-p ofFIG. 7. The HTMLAttr 414 class of FIG. 8A includes, via pointers, aclass derived from an abstract class, denoted by an ‘A’ inside atriangle, HTMLAttrSource 416 which corresponds to the HTML AttributeSource Type 386 of FIG. 7. An abstract class is typically defined as amodel to be used for defining other closely related classes which may,for example, need to exhibit similar behavior in a system. By definingan abstract class, the other classes are defined as inheriting thestructure and methods of the parent abstract class. The hollow arrows ofFIG. 8A denote inheritance of classes. HTML attributes may be obtainedfrom different sources. Therefore, a UserInput 418 class is shown toinherit from the abstract class HTMLAttrSource 416. Also, an SGMLContent422 class inherits from HTMLAttrSource 416, as does an SGMLTagAttr 420class.

FIG. 8B shows major classes within the Map Module 276, illustrating themajor dependencies among the classes. The classes 424 illustrated insidethe dashed line rectangle are the classes 424 of FIG. 8A. A classMapService 452 includes a class Transformer 450, a classDTDMapTransformerService 456, a class SrcSGMLTagAttr 462, a classSrcSGMLContent 464, a class Map 400, a class MapEdit 460, and a classMapCreateEditService 454. The class MapEdit 460 includes the classDTDMapEdit 466. The class DTDMapEdit 466 has dependencies with the classDTDMap 402, the class SGMLTagList 404, SGMLTag 406, HTMLTagList 408,HTMLAttrList 412, HTMLTag 410, HTMLAttr 414, SGMLTagAttr 420,SGMLContent 422, and UserInput 418. The class HTMLAttrSource 416 hasdependencies with the class SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 and the classSrcSGMLContent 464. The class DTDMapTransformerService 456 hasdependencies with the class SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 and the classSrcSGMLContent 464. The class SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 has a dependency withthe class SGMLTagAttr 420 and the class SrcSGMLContent 464 has adependency with SGMLContent 422. The class MapCreateEditService 454 hasdependencies with the class DTDMapEdit 466 and the class MapEdit 460.The class Map 400 contains DTDMap 402, DTDMapTransformerService 456,SrcSGMLTagAttr 462, and the class SrcSGMLContent 464. Thefunctionalities of these classes and their objects are explained withregard to FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3).

Data items and objects in software generally involve dynamic allocationof computer storage resources at some stage in a request for executionof program code. Pointer variables, containing addresses of data items,methods, or objects, are available to be passed among objects duringexecution of code. As objects and data items are constructed anddestructed dynamically, an object using a pointer or reference to a dataitem, for example, may reference the item after it has been destructed,possibly causing a system failure. A facility for registering objectsand data items as they are created and requested gives objects a meansto verify the current existence and usage of objects and data itemsbefore reference. A destructor verifies the current usage of an objector data item before destruction so that other objects using the objector data item may successfully complete their usage before destruction.An exemplary use of registering objects and data items is assignment ofattribute values to HTML attributes, as discussed below with regard toFIGS. 8C(1)-8C(4) and FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3)

FIG. 8C(1) illustrates a class structure for a SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 classof the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation. FIG. 8C(2) illustrates aclass structure for a SrcSGMLContent 464 class of the SGML to HTMLmapping and transformation. FIG. 8C(3) illustrates a class structure forthe MapService 452 class of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation.As described previously with regard to FIG. 8B, the class HTMLAttrSource416 includes references to the class SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 and the classSrcSGMLContent 464. The HTMLAttrSource 416 contains anAtrSrcSGMLTagAttr, which is a reference to a SrcSGMLTagAttr 462, and anAtrSrcSGMLContent, which is a reference to a SrcSGMLContent 464.SrcSGMLTagAttr 462 contains a methodregisterSGMLTagNameAndAttributeName, used for registering SGML tagattributes in the MapService 452, so that attributes that have alreadybeen registered are available to be unregistered from the HTMLAttrSource416 by using a method unregisterTagAttrKeyAndMapEntry in SrcSGMLTagAttr462 through a virtual function unregisterFromSourceMap. SrcSGMLTagAttr462 also contains a method setValueForAttributeOfTag to be used atdocument instance processing time to transform an SGML document to anSGML document.

SrcSGMLContent 464 contains a method registerSGMLTagName, used forregistering SGML tag content in the SrcSGMLContent 464, so thatattributes that have already been registered are available to beunregistered from the HTMLAttrSource 416 by using a methodunregisterSGMLTagName in SrcSGMLContent 464. SrcSGMLContent 464 alsocontains a method setValueForTag to be used at document instanceprocessing time to transform an SGML document to an HTML document.

FIG. 8C(4) illustrates a class structure for the MapCreateEditService454 class of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation.MapCreateEditService 454 was discussed previously with regard to FIG.8B, and functionalities of the class and object are explained withregard to FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3). A methodsetSelectedSGMLTagToBeNullAssigned in MapCreateEditService 454 sets aselected SGML tag to be mapped to a null value. A methodsetSelectedSGMLTagToBeNotAssigned in MapCreateEditService 454 sets aselected SGML tag to be kept in the mapping. A methodgetAttributeAssignmentInformationForHTMLAttribute inMapCreateEditService 454 gets assignment information for assigned valuesto HTML attributes. Methods assignHTMLAttributeWithSGMLAttribute,assignHTMLAttributeWithSGMLContent, assignHTMLAttributeWithSystem,assignHTMLAttributeWithNoValue, assignHTMLAttributeWithUserInput inMapCreateEditService 454 assign values to the HTML attributes.

FIG. 9 illustrates a hierarchical view of major modules forimplementation of the GUI for the SGML to HTML mapping andtransformation. An Application Window 470 initiates execution of a MenuManager 472. The Menu Manager 472 initiates execution of a File Service474, Editor for Map 476, View 478, Map 480 and Message Dialog Service482. The Map 480 module corresponds to the Map class 400 of FIG. 8A. TheView 478 module is included in the GUI 270 of FIG. 4. Thefunctionalities of these modules are explained with regard to FIGS.18A(1)-18C(3).

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary computer screen output of a Main ApplicationWindow 510. The window includes a title bar 512, a menu bar 514, a toolbar 516, and a viewing window work space 518. In order for a user toperform any menu operation, the user must select one of the items in themenu bar 514. When the user makes a selection, a sub-menu (or pull-downmenu) displays all operations available for selection from the mainmenu. For example, if the user selected the File option, a sub-menuappears to display the options Open SGML, Open DTD, Open Map, Save Map,Map Save As, Save HTML, HTML Save As, Close SGML, and Exit. The OpenSGML option allows the user to select an SGML document to open. The OpenDTD option allows the user to select a DTD to open. The Open Map optionallows the user to select a map to open. The Save Map Option allows theuser to save a map onto disk. The Map Save As option allows the user tosave the map onto the disk with the option of selecting a new file namefor the saved map. The Save HTML option allows the user to save an HTMLdocument onto disk. The HTML Save As option allows the user to save anHTML document onto disk with the option of selecting a new file name forthe HTML file. The Close SGML option allows the user to close an SGMLdocument and Exit option allows the user to exit the Application Windowprocessing of the conversion.

If the user selects an Edit option from the menu bar 514, a sub-menuappears to display options Create Map and Edit Map. The Create Mapoption allows the user to create a map that can be used to transform anSGML document to an HTML document. The Edit Map option allows the userto modify an existing map. A sub-menu for a View option displays theoptions to View SGML and to View HTML. These options are designed todisplay an SGML document or an HTML document when selected by a user. AView SGML option allows the user to display an SGML document in the workspace of the main application window. A View HTML option allows the userto display an HTML document in the work space of the main applicationwindow. If the user selects the Map option, a sub-menu appears todisplay an option Run Map. Selecting Run Map initiates thetransformation to transform an input SGML document to an HTML document.If the user selects the Option button, a sub-menu appears to displayoptions of Incremental and Reference. An Incremental option allows theuser to perform an incremental mapping of an SGML document to an HTMLdocument. After an SGML tag is mapped into HTML tags the SGML documentis then transformed into its corresponding HTML document. This occursafter each SGML tag is mapped. A Reference option allows the user todisplay the reference in transforming an SGML document to an HTMLdocument.

Referring to FIG. 11, dialog boxes for opening an SGML file and savingan HTML file are shown. FIG. 11 shows an exemplary file open dialog box600 which would be displayed responding to an Open SGML option from thesub-menu displayed after the user selected the File option in FIG. 10. AFilter text edit box 602 is displayed allowing the user to choose a typeof file to be opened. Candidate directories for files are displayed in aDirectories list box 604. Candidate files for opening will be displayedin a Files list box 606. A Selection text edit box 608 displays the filename that the user selects for opening. An OK button 610 allows the userto approve the selection shown in the Selection text edit box 608. AFilter button 612 allows the user to request a display of all files of agiven type, in the Files list box 606, as described in the Filter textedit box 602. A Cancel button 614 allows the user to choose terminationand cancellation of the current request to open a file.

FIG. 11 also shows an exemplary Save HTML file dialog box 616 that isdisplayed as a result of the user selecting the Save HTML option fromthe sub-menu displayed after the user selected the File button in FIG.10. A Filter text edit box 618 allows the user to select a type of filefor saving the current HTML file. Candidate directories for files aredisplayed in a Directories list box 620. Candidate files of a given typeare displayed in a Files list box 622. A Selection text edit box 624allows the user to select a file name for saving the file. An OK button626 allows the user to approve an operation and complete the operationof saving a file. A Filter button 628 allows the user to request adisplay of all files of a given type, in the Files list box 622, asdescribed in the Filter text edit box 618. A Cancel button 630 allowsthe user to terminate and cancel the current request to save the currentHTML file.

FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B display exemplary Map Edit Option and Map EditDialog boxes utilized for creation and editing of a map. The user isallowed to create a new map or edit an already existing map. If the userselects the Edit button from the Main Application Window 510 of FIG. 10,and either the Edit Map or Create Map option is selected, the Map EditOption 690 dialog box of FIG. 12A is displayed to allow the user toselect whether the Default mapping of the SGML document or a Conditionalmapping of the SGML document should be used to create or edit the map.The Default mapping, selected by clicking on a Default button 692, isthe user defined tag mapping set up by the user interaction with theSGML to HTML Map Edit dialog box 700 of FIG. 12B. The Conditionalmapping, selected by clicking on a Conditional button 694, involvesdefining the conditional or special mappings. After the user selects oneof the options from the Map Edit Option 690, then the Map Edit dialogbox 700 of FIG. 12B is displayed to allow the user to interact with thesystem in defining a map. If the Create Map option is selected, the useris allowed to create a new map. Both the Map Edit Option dialog box 690and the Map Edit dialog box 700 are used for creating a map and forediting an existing map.

Referring to FIG. 12B, a display of the Map Edit dialog box 700 shows adisplay of a list of SGML Tags 702, the current HTML Tag list 704 thatan SGML tag selected from the SGML Tag list 702 maps to, and a list ofLegal HTML Tags 706 that can be added into the current HTML Tag list704. For a given SGML Tag 702, the user selects the Legal HTML Tag 706by double clicking a mouse on an HTML tag from the Legal HTML Tag list706. This will add the HTML Tag to the Current HTML Tag list 704. If theCurrent HTML Tag list 704 contains a list of HTML Tags that the SGML Tag702 maps into, a new HTML Tag will be added below the HTML Tag that isselected in the Current HTML Tag 704 list. If an HTML Tag is insertedinto the current HTML Tag 704 list, the HTML Tag(s) following theinserted Tag must be deleted, as they may no longer be legal. A ClearHTML Tag 708 button will clear the current HTML Tag 704 list. A DeleteHTML Tag 710 button will delete the HTML Tag selected in the CurrentHTML Tag 704 list. The HTML Tags following the deleted HTML Tag in theCurrent HTML Tag 704 list must be deleted since they may no longer belegal. An Undo 712 button will undo the last clear, delete or insertoperation. These buttons are easily modified to a menu operation formatby one skilled in the art of computing. A Map SGML Tag 714 button allowsthe user to map the SGML Tag 702 to the HTML Tag list in the CurrentHTML Tag 704 list and then allows the user to select the next SGML tagto map. If a Done 716 button is selected, the remaining SGML Tags 702will not be mapped. If a Cancel 718 button is selected, all previousSGML to HTML map information will be disregarded. Two possibleselections in the Legal HTML Tag list 706 are Null Assigned and NotAssigned. Null Assigned deletes the SGML Tag 702 so that the SGML tag702 will not be mapped and will not be displayed after transformation.Not Assigned leaves the SGML Tag 702 as is, so that the SGML Tag 702will not be mapped to HTML but will be displayed as is aftertransformation.

An explanation of tag attribute assignment is provided with regard toFIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3).

FIG. 12C shows exemplary data in the tag list boxes of the Map Editdialog box 700 previously discussed for FIG. 12B. An explanation of theprocessing of the data is provided with regard to FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3).

FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary class diagram displaying relationshipsamong the classes of the SGML to HTML mapping and transformation for theGUI. An Application Window 772 manages the handling of the display ofthe application window of the GUI. A Menu Manager 778 handles all thetasks and objects associated with menu operations. A File Service 782handles open and save operations associated with files. An ntEntity 790is a general system representation of an SGML document, an SGML DTD, anHTML document, or an HTML DTD. A Symbol Table 770 is the systemrepresentation of an input document after it has been processed by aParser Service 774. A MessageDialogService 776 handles the output ofmessages to the system user. A View Document 786 class handles thedisplay of SGML or HTML documents upon user request. A Map Service 780handles the creation and editing, through a MapCreateEditService 792, ofa Map 788, which is the system representation of the rules to beutilized in the transformation of an SGML document to an HTML document.A GUIEditorForMap 784 handles the GUI interface for the user todynamically create or edit the Map 788.

FIG. 14 shows an object message diagram displaying the behavior of thesystem among objects of the classes for the startup of the system. Theobject diagram illustrates major software objects enclosed in cloudshapes. Object method calls are illustrated with an Arabic numeralpreceding a colon, followed by the name of the object method. Thenumeric ordering illustrated by the Arabic numerals followed by colonsillustrate a stepwise logical flow of execution, and a flow of objectdata and messages, through the diagram. For a more detailed descriptionof object diagrams and design, see Booch, G., Object-Oriented Analysisand Design with Applications, Second Edition, Addison Wesley Longman,California, 1994, which is incorporated herein by reference.

An Application Window 772 is the object which generates the mainapplication window of FIG. 10. It is the first object created when thesystem starts execution. It contains all the necessary information andfunctions to display the main application window of FIG. 10. AnHTMLSymbolTable 800 is an object, which is the system representation ofthe HTML DTD, created by the Application Window 772, in a call Create(new) 802 through ParserService 774. The HTML Symbol Table 800 existsthroughout the lifetime of the system. A MenuManager 778 is an objectcreated by the Application Window 772, in a call Create (new) 804, tohandle all menu operations associated with the menu of the mainApplication Window 772. The Application Window 772 passes theHTMLSymbolTable 800 object it created to the MenuManager 778 so that theMenuManager 778 can pass it to any other objects which require it. TheMenuManager 778 creates and manages all objects necessary carry to outmenu operations.

A MessageDialogService 776 is an object created by the MenuManager 778,in a call Create (new) 806, to allow message dialog boxes to display anykind of message to the user from anywhere in the system. Exemplarymessages are error messages, warnings or instructions to the user, orany other type of message required. The MenuManager 778 passes theMessageDialogService 776 to other objects which may need to displaymessages to the user.

A MapService 780 is an object created by the MenuManager 778, in a callCreate (new) 808, to handle map related objects. The MenuManager 778initiates a call MapServiceInit 810 to initialize the state of the newlycreated MapService 780. For this example, a map is an object whichdescribes how the SGML document will be transformed into an HTMLdocument. The MenuManager 778 passes the HTMLSymbolTable 800 and theMessageDialogService 776 to the MapService 780 so that it hasinformation about the HTML DTD and can send messages to the user.

A MapCreateEditService 792 is an object created by the MapService 780,in a call Create (new) 812, to handle the creation of a map or themodification of an existing map. The MapService 780 passes theHTMLSymbolTable 800 to the MapCreateEditService 792 so that it hasinformation about an HTML DTD. The MenuManager 778 receives theMapCreateEditService object 792 from Map Service 780, in a callgetMapCreateEditServiceObject 814, so that it may create or edit a mapat any time.

A FileService 782 is an object created by the MenuManager 778, in a callCreate (new) 816, to handle the tasks of opening and saving a file. Thefile corresponds to an SGML document, an SGML DTD, a map, or an HTMLdocument. The user requests actions for files by selecting the Filebutton exemplified in the menu bar 514 in FIG. 10. The File Service 782creates an Open or Save dialog box to allow the user to choose the filethe user wants to open or save, as exemplified in FIG. 11. MenuManager778 passes MessageDialogService 776 to File Service 782 so that it maydisplay messages to the user. The MenuManager 778 also passes theMapCreateEditService 792 to the File Service 782.

A GUIEditorForMap 784 is an object created by the MenuManager 778, in acall Create (new) 818, to handle the task of allowing the user to createa map or modify an existing map through a dialog box, as exemplified inFIGS. 12B-12C. The MenuManager 778 passes the MessageDialogService 776to the GUIEditorForMap 784 for displaying messages to a user. TheMenuManager 778 passes the MapCreateEditService 792 to GUIEditorForMap784 to create or modify a map.

A View Document 786 is an object created by the MenuManager 778, in acall Create (new) 820, to handle the task of displaying an SGML or HTMLdocument through a display window. The user requests document viewing byselecting the View button from the menu bar 514 exemplified in FIG. 10.The Menu Manager 778 passes the MessageDialogService 776 to theViewDocument 786 so that it may display messages to the user.

FIG. 15 shows an object message diagram to display the dynamicrelationships that exist among the objects of the invention when an SGMLdocument is being opened for the first time. A User 830 requests, froman Application Window 772, opening an SGML document file using a callOpenSGML 840. This is accomplished by the user's selection of the Filebutton in the menu bar 514 of FIG. 10, followed by selection of the OpenSGML option in the resulting sub-menu. The Application Window 772 sendsa call OpenSGML 842 to a MenuManager 778 to process the user request.The MenuManager 778 then sends a call OpenSGML 844 to a FileService 782.The FileService 782 initiates a call getFileName 846 to request a filename for the SGML document from the User 830. A User 830 response, aFileName 846, is returned to the FileService 782. The FileService 782sends a request isFound 848, accompanied by a FileName 848, to anIOService 832 to determine, by a response YES 848, that the FileName 846returned by the User 830 exists. The FileService 782 then sends arequest isReadable 850, accompanied by a FileName 850, to the IOService832 to determine, by a response YES 850, that the file is also readableby the system. The FileService 782 then sends a request getEntityObject852 to IOService 832, accompanied by the FileName 852, so that IOService832 may obtain and return an ntEntity 852, which is associated with anexternal entity such as an SGML document, and its corresponding DTD,requested by the User 830.

The MenuManager 778 sends a request getSGMLNtEntity 854 to theFileService 782 to receive the ntEntity 854 from the FileService 782.The MenuManager 778 then sends the ntEntity 856 to a Parser Service 774with a call getSymbolTable 856. The Parser Service 774 then generates aSymbolTable 856 for the SGML document, checks that it is a valid symboltable for the SGML document, and returns the SymbolTable 856 to theMenuManager 778. The MenuManager 778 then sends the ntEntity 858 to aMapCreateEditService 792 using a call useThisSGMLDoc 858, and sends theSymbolTable 860 to the MapCreateEditService 792 using a callUseThisSymbolTable 860. The MapCreateEditService 792 then handlesfurther processing of the requested document.

FIG. 16 shows an object message diagram to display the dynamicrelationships that exist among the objects of the invention as an SGMLdocument as being opened, with an existing SGML document already opened.A User 830 requests, from an Application Window 772, opening an SGMLdocument file by a call OpenSGML 890. This is accomplished by the user'sselection of the File button in the menu bar 514 of FIG. 10, followed byselection of the Open SGML option in the resulting sub-menu. TheApplication Window 772 sends a call OpenSGML 892 to a MenuManager 778 toprocess the user request. The MenuManager 778 then sends a callcloseHTMLWindow 894 to a ViewDocument 786 so that if there is an openwindow displaying an HTML document, it will be closed. If there is anHTML document that has not been saved, the MenuManager 778 sends arequest SaveHTML 896 to a MessageDialogService 776. TheMessageDialogService 776 then sends a request SaveHTML 898 to the User830 as a message asking if the user wishes to save the currentlydisplayed HTML file. A User 830 response of NO 898 is returned to theMessageDialogService 776, which then returns a NO 896 to the MenuManager778. The MenuManager 778 then sends a call Destroy(delete) 900 to anHTMLntEntity 880, representing the HTML file. The MenuManager 778 thensends a call closeSGMLWindow 902 to the ViewDocument 786 for theViewDocument 786 to process closing of the display window of an openedSGML document. The MenuManager 778 then sends a call Destroy(delete) 904to an SGML ntEntity 882, representing an opened SGML file. TheMenuManager then sends a call OpenSGML 906 to a FileService 782. TheFileService 782 initiates a call getFileName 908 to request a file namefor the SGML document from the User 830. The User 830 response, aFileName 908, is returned to the FileService 782. The FileService 782sends a request isFound 910, accompanied by a FileName 910, to anIOService 832 to determine, via a response YES 910, that the FileName908 returned by the User 830 exists. The FileService 782 then sends arequest isReadable 912, accompanied by a FileName 912, to the IOService832 to determine, by a response YES 912, that the file is also readableby the system. The FileService 782 then sends a request getEntityObject914, accompanied by a FileName 914, to the IOService 832, so that theIOService 832 may obtain and return an ntEntity 914. The ntEntity 906 isthen returned to the MenuManager 778 in response to the request OpenSGML906.

The MenuManager 778 then sends an ntEntity 916 to a Parser Service 774with a call getSymbolTable 916. The Parser Service 774 then generates aSymbolTable 916 for the SGML document and DTD and returns theSymbolTable 916 to the MenuManager 778. The MenuManager 778 then sendsan ntEntity 918 and a Map 918 to a MapService 780 using a callareThisMapAndTheSGMLDocConsistent 918, to determine if the existing Map918 can be used with the new SGML document, ntEntity 918. A response NO918 is returned to the MenuManager 778 if the Map 918 cannot be used.The MenuManager 778 then sends a request isMapSaved 920 to theMapService 780, to receive a response of YES 920, if the Map 918 issaved. The MenuManager 778 then sends a call destroy(erase & delete) 922to an SGMLSymbolTable 884, to destroy the system's current SGML filerepresented in the format of a symbol table. The MenuManager 778 thensends a call Destroy (delete) 924 to a Map 788 to destroy the system'scurrent map for a previous SGML document. The MenuManager 778 then sendsa call resetMap 926 to the MapService 780 to initialize a new map forthe new SGML document to be processed. The MenuManager 778 then sends acall useThisSGMLDoc 928 to a MapCreateEditService 792, sending anntEntity 928 obtained from IOService 832. The MenuManager 778 then sendsa call UseThisSymbolTable 930, along with a SymbolTable 930 obtainedfrom ParserService 774, to the MapCreateEditService 792. TheMapCreateEditService 792 then handles further processing of therequested SGML document.

FIG. 17 illustrates, in a class diagram format, the design of the MapEditor GUI. The Application Window 772, the MenuManager 778, theGUIEditorForMap 784, the SymbolTable 770, and the MapCreateEditService792 have been described previously with regard to FIGS. 13-15. In FIG.17, a MapEditDialog 950 is contained by the GUIEditorForMap 784. TheMapEditDialog 950 manages the handling of the display of the Map Editdialog box. This includes determining what type of operation or requeststhe user can perform at a given point in the mapping of an SGML element.A MapTag 952 interacts with MapCreateEditService 792 and SymbolTable 770to handle tasks and objects associated with mapping an SGML element toan HTML element. An AssignAttribute 954 interacts withMapCreateEditService 792 and SymbolTable 770 to handle tasks and objectsassociated with assigning values to the attributes of HTML elements.

FIGS. 18A(1)-18C(3) are object message diagrams showing the behavior ofthe SGML to HTML mapping for assigning values to HTML attributes and formapping SGML tags to HTML tags. As the object diagram of FIGS.18A(1)-18C(3) was large, it was divided over a plurality of drawingsheets. However, these drawing sheets, when taken together, constituteone object diagram. The MapEditDialog 950, the MapTag 952, theAssignAttribute 954, and the MapCreateEditService 792 have beendescribed previously with regard to FIG. 17. The GUIEditorForMap 784 hasbeen described previously with regard to FIG. 13. The HTMLSymbolTable800 has been described previously with regard to FIG. 14. TheSGMLSymbolTable 884 has been described previously with regard to FIG.16.

As an exemplary manner of operating, the GUIEditorForMap 784 of FIG.18A(1) creates the Map Edit dialog box of FIG. 12B by a function callEditMap 960 to call a constructor of the MapEditDialog 950.

To fill the SGML Tag list box 702 of FIG. 12B, MapEditDialog 950 gets afirst SGMLTag 962, with a YES message 962, from MapTag 952 through afunction getNextSGMLTag 962, and displays the SGML tag in the SGML Taglist box 702 of FIG. 12B. MapTag 952 gets a first SGMLTag 964 of FIG.18A(2), with a YES message 964, from the SGMLSymbolTable 884 through afunction call getFirstElement 964. An alternative GUI design is to keepa list of all SGML tags already processed in the display.

The user selects an SGML tag to map by double clicking the mouse on theSGML tag in the SGML Tag list box 702 of FIG. 12B and the SGMLTag 966 ofFIG. 18A(1) is sent to MapTag 952 through a function callselectedSGMLTag 966 of FIG. 18A(1) MapTag 952 of FIG. 18A(2) sends theSGMLTag 967 to MapCreateEditService 792 of FIG. 18A(2) through afunction call selectedSGMLTag 967 of FIG. 18A(2).

To fill the Current HTML Tag list box 704 of FIG. 12B, the MapEditDialog950 box of FIG. 18A(1) then gets an HTMLTag 968, with a YES message 968,to which the selected SGML tag maps, from MapTag 952 through a functioncall getNextCurrentHTMLTag 968. The function will get one HTMLTag 968 ata time and display it in the Current HTML Tag list box 704 of FIG. 12B.MapTag 952 of FIG. 18A(2) gets a next HTMLTag 970, along with a YESmessage 970, from the MapCreateEditService 792 using a function callgetExistingHTMLTagsinMap 970. If an SGML tag is being assigned for thefirst time, NOT ASSIGNED will be displayed in the Current HTML Tag listbox 704 of FIG. 12B.

To fill the Legal HTML Tag list box 706 of FIG. 12B, the MapEditDialog950 box of FIG. 18A(1) sends a last HTML tag 972 in the Current HTML Taglist box 704 of FIG. 12B to MapTag 952 through a function callsetLastCurrentHTMLTagInList 972. Then the MapEditDialog 950 box getslegal HTMLTags 974, along with a YES message 974, through a functioncall getLegalHTMLTag 974 from MapTag 952. The function will get oneHTMLTag 974 at a time and display it in the Legal HTML Tag list box 706of FIG. 12B. The legal HTML tags are those which can follow the lastHTML tag in the current HTML Tag list box 704 of FIG. 12B. In FIG.18A(2), the MapTag 952 gets legal HTMLTags 976, along with a YES message976, one at a time, from HTMLSymbolTable 800, through a function callgetFirstLegalElement 976, or MapTag 952 will get legal HTMLTags 978,along with a YES message 978, from HTMLSymbolTable 800 through afunction call GetNextLegalElement 978.

To add an HTML tag from the Legal HTML Tag list box 706 of FIG. 12B tothe Current HTML Tag list box 704 of FIG. 12B, the user selects an HTMLtag from the Legal HTML Tag list box 706 of FIG. 12B by double clickingthe mouse on the HTML tag. The HTML tag is added to the Current HTML Taglist box 704. The selected HTMLTag 980 of FIG. 18A(1) is sent to MapTag952 through a function call addSelectedHTMLTag 980. In FIG. 18A(2),MapTag 952 sends an HTMLTag 982 to MapCreateEditService 792 through afunction call selectedHTMLTag 982. MapTag 952 informsMapCreateEditService 792 that the HTMLTag 982 must be added to thecurrent map through a function calladdSelectedHTMLTagToCurrentMappingList 984. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG.18A(1) sets an HTML tag 986 as the last tag in the list by a functioncall setLastCurrentHTMLTagInList 986 to MapTag 952.

In order to update the list of Legal HTML Tags 706 of FIG. 12B,MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18A(1) obtains an HTMLTag 988, with a YESmessage 988 if there exists a legal tag, from MapTag 952 using afunction call getLegalHTMLTag 988. MapTag 952 then obtains an HTMLTag990, with a YES message 990, from HTMLSymbolTable 800 using a functioncall getFirstLegalElement 990, if it is the first legal elementrequested, or MapTag 952 obtains an HTMLTag 992, with a YES message 992,from HTMLSymbolTable 800 using a function call getNextLegalElement 992,if it is not the first legal element requested.

To fill the HTML Tag Attribute list box 720 of FIG. 12B, MapEditDialog950 of FIG. 18A(1)sends an HTMLTag 994 in the Current HTML Tag list box704 of FIG. 12B to AssignAttribute 954 through a function callselectedHTMLTag 994. Then the MapEditDialog 950 gets attributes of theHTML tag, HTMLAttribute 996, along with a YES message 996, fromAssignAttribute 954 through a function call getNextHTMLAttribute 996.The function getNextHTMLAttribute 996 gets one HTMLAttribute 996 at atime and displays them in the HTML Tag Attribute list box 720 of FIG.12B. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18A(3) gets, one at a time, anHTMLAttribute 998, along with a YES message 998, of the HTMLTag 998 fromHTMLSymbolTable 800 through a function call getFirstAttributeOfElement998. If it is not the first attribute, AssignAttribute 954 gets anHTMLAttribute 1002 of the HTMLTag 998, along with a YES message 1002,from HTMLSymbolTable 800 through a function call getNextAttribute 1002.For each attribute AssignAttribute 954 gets from HTMLSymbolTable 800,and returns to MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18A(1), MapEditDialog 950checks with AssignAttribute 954 to see if the attribute is of therequired type through a function call IsCurrentAttributeOfRequiredType1000, with a No message 1000 indicating it is not, to be obtained fromHTMLSymbolTable 800. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18A(3) then checks withHTMLSymbolTable 800 to see if the attribute is of the required typethrough a function call IsCurrentAttributeOfRequiredType 1001, with a NOmessage 1001 indicating it is not.

To select an attribute to assign it a value, the user selects anattribute in the HTML Tag Attribute list box 720 of FIG. 12B by doubleclicking the mouse on the attribute. The MapEditDialog box 950 of FIG.18A(1) sends a selected HTMLAttribute 1004 to AssignAttribute 954through a function call selectedHTMLAttribute 1004. Depending upon theattribute type to which the HTMLAttribute 1006 is assigned, theMapEditDialog box 950 of FIG. 18A(1) will take different actions. Forexample, AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18A(3) gets an SGMLAttribute type1006, an SGMLTag 1006, and an SGMLAttribute 1006 by sending anHTMLAttribute 1006 to MapCreateEditService 792 using a function callgetAttributeAssignmentInformationForHTMLAttribute 1006. TheMapEditDialog 950 box of FIG. 18A(1) gets an SGMLAttribute type 1008 forthe selected HTML Attribute 1004 from AssignAttribute 954 through afunction call getAttributeType 1008. The SGML Attribute radio button 726of FIG. 12B is displayed depressed. The MapEditDialog 950 of FIG.18A(1)gets a source SGMLTag 1010 and a source SGMLAttribute 1010assigned to the HTML Attribute 1004 through a function callgetSourceSGMLTagAndAttribute 1010 and displays them in the Source SGMLTag list box 722 of FIG. 12B, and the SGML Tag Attribute list box 724 ofFIG. 12B. Next, the MapEditDialog 950 gets a source SGMLTag 1012, oneSGMLTag 1012 at a time, which can be assigned to the HTML attribute1004, along with a YES message 1012, from AssignAttribute 954 through afunction call getNextSourceSGMLTag 1012, and displays them in the SourceSGML Tag list box 722 of FIG. 12B. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18A(3)gets source SGML Tags 1014, with a YES message 1014 if getting the firstelement, from SGMLSymbolTable 884 through a function callGetFirstElement 1014, or, one by one, gets a source SGML Tag 1018, witha YES message 1018, through a call GetNextElement 1018 if it is not thefirst element. AssignAttribute 954 verifies that the source SGML Tag1014 has an attribute by checking with the SGMLSymbolTable 884 through afunction call elementHasAttribute 1016 to obtain a YES 1016 response,for the first element if it has attributes. If it is not the firstelement, AssignAttribute 954 verifies that the source SGML Tags 1018have attributes by checking with the SGMLSymbolTable 884 through afunction call elementHasAttribute 1020 to obtain a YES 1020 response.The MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18A(1) gets all attributes SGMLAttribute1022, one SGMLAttribute 1022 at a time, with a YES message 1022, of thepreviously assigned source SGML tag from AssignAttribute 954 through afunction call getNextSourceSGMLAttribute 1022 and displays theattributes in the source SGML Tag Attribute list box 724 in FIG. 12B.AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18A(3) gets SGML attributes 1024, and a YESmessage 1024, from SGMLSymbolTable 884 by sending an SGML tag 1024through a function call getFirstAttributeOfElement 1024 if it is thefirst attribute of the element, or it gets SGMLAttributes 1026, oneSGMLAttribute 1026 at a time, along with a YES message 1026, fromSGMLSymbolTable 884 through a function call getNextAttribute 1026. Theuser selects an SGML tag from the Source SGML Tag list box 722 of FIG.12B by double clicking the mouse on the SGML tag. The currentimplementation supports selection by double clicking the mouse on theselection. However, any alternative selection technique can be used,such as highlighting the selection and pressing the Enter or Return key.MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18C(1) sends a selected source SGMLTag 1110 toAssignAttribute 954 through a function call selectedSourceSGMLTag 1110.Then MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18A(1) gets all SGMLAttributes 1022 ofthe selected source SGMLTag 1110, one SGMLAttribute 1022 at a time,along with a YES message 1022, from AssignAttribute 954 through afunction call getNextSourceSGMLAttribute 1022 and displays them in theSGML Tag Attribute list box 724 of FIG. 12B. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG.18A(3) gets the SGMLAttributes 1024, along with a YES message 1024, fromSGMLSymbolTable 884 through a function call getFirstAttributeOfElement1024 if it is requesting the first attribute, or AssignAttribute 954gets the SGMLAttributes 1026, one SGMLAttribute 1026 at a time, alongwith a YES message 1026, from SGMLSymbolTable 884 through a functioncall getNextAttribute 1026 if it is not the first attribute.

The user selects an SGML attribute from the source SGML Attribute listbox 724 of FIG. 12B by double clicking the mouse on the SGML attribute.MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18C(1) sends a selected source SGMLAttribute1112 to AssignAttribute 954 through a function callselectedSourceSGMLAttribute 1112. The user selects the Assign button 736of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 lets AssignAttribute 954 know that anSGML attribute was assigned to the HTML attribute through a functioncall assignedSGMLAttribute 1114 of FIG. 18C(1). AssignAttribute 954 ofFIG. 18C(3) sends, for the HTML attribute that is being assigned, anHTMLAttribute 1116, a source SGMLTag 1116, and the source SGMLAttribute1116 to MapCreateEditService 792 through a function callassignHTMLAttributeWithSGMLAttribute 1116.

If SGML content was assigned to the HTML attribute, then the SGMLContent radio button 728 of FIG. 12B is depressed. The MapEditDialog box950 of FIG. 18B(1) gets a content SGMLTag 1048 assigned to the HTMLattribute from AssignAttribute 954 through a function callgetContentSGMLTag 1048, along with a YES message 1048, and displays itin the Source SGML Tag list box 722 of FIG. 12B. The MapEditDialog box950 gets all the content SGMLTags 1052, one SGMLTag 1052 at a time,which can be assigned to the HTML attribute, along with a YES message1052, from AssignAttribute 954 through a function callgetNextContentSGMLTag 1052 and displays them in the Source SGML Tag listbox 722 of FIG. 12B. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18B(3) gets contentSGMLTags 1054, along with a YES message 1054, from SGMLSymbolTable 884through a function call getFirstPrimitiveElement 1054 if it is the firstSGML tag requested, or AssignAttribute 954 gets content SGMLTags 1056,one SGMLTag 1056 at a time, along with a YES message 1056, fromSGMLSymbolTable 884 through a function call getNextPrimitiveElement1056.

The user selects the content SGML tag from the Source SGML Tag list box722 of FIG. 12B by double clicking the mouse on the SGML tag.MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18B(1) sends the selected content SGMLTag 1058to AssignAttribute 954 through a function call selectedContentSGMLTag1058.

The user selects the Assign button 736 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 ofFIG. 18B(1) lets AssignAttribute 954 know that an SGML content wasassigned to the HTML attribute through a function call assignSGMLContent1060. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18B(3) sends an HTMLAttribute 1062that is being assigned the SGML content and a content SGMLTag 1062 toMapCreateEditService 792 through a function callassignHTMLAttributeWithSGMLContent 1062.

If system was assigned to the HTML attribute, the System radio button730 of FIG. 12B is depressed. MapEditDialog 950 takes no further action.The user selects the Assign button 736 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 ofFIG. 18B(1) lets AssignAttribute 954 know that a system value wasassigned to the HTMLAttribute through a function call assignSystem 1049.AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18B(3) sends the HTMLAttribute 1051 that isbeing assigned a system value to MapCreateEditService 792 through afunction call assignHTMLAttributeWithSystem 1051.

If No Value was assigned to the HTML attribute, the No Value radiobutton 732 is depressed. MapEditDialog 950 will take no further action.The user selects the Assign button 736 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 ofFIG. 18C(1) lets AssignAttribute 954 know that no value is assigned tothe HTML attribute through a function call assignNoValue 1102.AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18C(3) sends the HTMLAttributes 1104 to beassigned no value to MapCreateEditService 792 through a function callassignHTMLAttributeWithNoValue 1104.

If User Input was assigned to the HTML attribute, the User Input radiobutton 734 is depressed. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18C(1) gets aUserInput 1100 from AssignAttribute 954 through a function callgetUserInputData 1100 and then displays the information in the UserInput text edit box 731 of FIG. 12B. The user enters data into the textedit box 731 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18C(1) sends aUserInputData 1106 to AssignAttribute 954 through a function callselectedUserInputData 1106. The user then selects the Assign button 736of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18C(1) lets AssignAttribute 954know that a user input is to be assigned to the HTML attribute throughthe function assignUserInput 1108. AssignAttribute 954 of FIG. 18C(3)sends an HTMLAttribute 1109 that is being assigned a user input value,and the UserInputData 1109, to MapCreateEditService 792 through afunction call assignHTMLAttributeWithUserInput 1109.

For any of the HTML attribute source types assigned to the HTMLattribute, the user has options to change the source type of the HTMLattribute. For example, if the No Value radio button 732 of FIG. 12B isdepressed for a selected HTML attribute, the user has an option tochange the source type of the HTML attribute by pressing any of theother radio buttons such as the User Input radio button 734 of FIG. 12B.Depending upon which radio button the user selects, the user will needto enter more information before the HTML attribute is assigned a value.

For the radio buttons SGML Attribute 726, SGML Content 728, and UserInput 734, the user can change the input selection more than one time.For example, the user can change the user input in the text edit box 731more than one time. As another example, the user can select one contentSGML tag in the Source SGML Tag list box 722, and later decide to selectanother content SGML tag. The most recent value given by the user is thevalue assigned to the HTML attribute when the Assign button 736 isselected.

The user repeats selection of an attribute to assign it a value,selecting a radio button for an HTML attribute source type, assigning avalue to the HTML attribute, and selecting the Assign button 736 of FIG.12B until the user has assigned all the HTML attributes desired. Theuser then selects the Assign Done button 740 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog950 of FIG. 18B(1) lets MapCreateEditService 792 know that it is doneassigning values to the attributes through a function callassignDoneSelected 1064 to AssignAttribute 954, which sends a callassignDoneSelected 1066 to MapCreateEditService 792 of FIG. 18B(3).

The user repeats adding more HTML tags to the Current HTML Tag list box704 of FIG. 12B at will. At any time the user can clear the Current HTMLTag list box 704 or delete HTML tags from the Current HTML Tag list box704 by selecting the Clear HTML button 708 or the Delete HTML button 710of FIG. 12B. Once the user has completed mapping one SGML tag, the userselects the Map SGML Tag button 714. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG.18B(1)informs MapTag 952 that the user has completed mapping theselected SGML tag through a function call doneMappingSGMLTag 1068.MapTag 952 of FIG. 18B(2) informs MapCreateEditService 792 that the userhas completed mapping the selected SGML tag through the functionfinishOneMapping 1070. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18B(1) requests a nextSGMLTag 1072 for mapping from MapTag 952, along with a YES message 1072,using a function call getNextSGMLTag 1072 and displays the SGMLTag 1072in the SGML Tag list box 702 of FIG. 12B. MapTag 952 of FIG. 18B(2) thenobtains a next SGMLTag 1074, along with a YES message 1074, fromSGMLSymbolTable 884 using a function call getNextElement 1074. MapTag952 then returns the SGMLTag 1072 to MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18B(1) inresponse to the function call getNextSGMLTag 1072.

The user repeats processing the map for all the SGML tags the user wantsto map. When the user is finished with the map editor, the user selectsthe Done button 716 of FIG. 12B. MapEditDialog 950 of FIG. 18B(1)informs MapTag 952 that it is done mapping through a function calldoneMapping 1076. MapTag 952 of FIG. 18B(2) informs MapCreateEditService792 that the mapping of the SGML tags is completed through a functioncall finishCreatingMap 1078.

FIG. 19 illustrates an exemplary hardware configuration upon which theinvention may be implemented. A Workstation 1200 has component parts aDisplay Controller 1202, a Central Processing Unit (“CPU”) 1204, aRandom Access Memory (“RAM”) 1206, a Read Only Memory (“ROM”) 1208, anInput Controller 1210, connected to a Keyboard 1212 and a Mouse 1214, aSystem Bus 1220, a Hard Disk 1222 and a Floppy Drive 1224 connected to aDisk Controller 1226, a Comm Controller 1228 connected to a Network1230, and an Input/Output (“I/O”) Controller 1232 connected to a HardDisk 1236 and a Printer 1234, and a Cathode Ray Tube (“CRT”) 1238connected to the Display Controller 1202. The System Bus 1220 connectsthe CPU 1204, the RAM 1206, the ROM 1208, the Input Controller 1210, theDisk Controller 1226, the Comm Controller 1228, the I/O Controller 1232,and the Display controller 1202 for transmitting data over theconnection line.

For example, the computer code generated for execution is loaded intothe RAM 1206 for execution by the CPU 1204, using the System Bus 1220,with input files stored on the Hard Disk 1236, with other input comingfrom the Keyboard 1212 and the Mouse 1214 through the Input Controller1210, and from the Hard Disk 1222 and the Floppy Drive 1224, through theDisk Controller 1226, onto the System Bus 1220. The System Bus 1220interacts with the ROM 1208, the Network 1230, and the Comm Controller1228. The GUI of the system can be displayed on the CRT 1238 through theDisplay Controller 1202, and on output to the Printer 1234 or to theHard Disk 1236 through the I/O Controller 1232.

Other implementations of the map creator and editor for transforming afirst structured information format to a second structured informationformat are possible using the procedures described previously for FIGS.1A-19. For example, variable names in a first database format may bemapped to variable names in a second database format. Another exemplaryimplementation is a mapping of public identifiers in an ISO/IEC 9070format to file names in a UNIX file system format.

For other implementations, the same techniques described with regard tothe SGML to HTML mapping and transformation are utilized, with structureof information defined differently from an SGML DTD. In general terms, aparser breaks down an input source file into source components and theirstructure, based upon a structure format specified for the input sourcefile, for map creating and editing. The source components and theirstructure are presented to the user for interactive selection ofcomponents of the first structure, with candidate target components ofthe second structure presented to the user for selection of targetcomponents for the mapping of the source components for creation ofrules for a transformation map. An exemplary implementation of a mappingof public identifiers in an ISO/IEC 9070 format to file names in a UNIXfile system format is discussed below with regard to FIGS. 20A-20H.

FIG. 20A illustrates a public identifier 1400 in ISO/IEC 9070 standardformat. An owner name is made up of a registered owner name and anunregistered owner name. For this example, the owner name is ‘XYZ’. Thepublic identifier further has an object name, separated from the ownername by ‘//’. For this example, the object name is‘font::metric::x-offset::622’.

Mapping one system structure to another system structure involvestransformation of strings in one allowable character set to strings ofanother allowable character set. For example, computer programminglanguages are defined as having an alphabet of acceptable characters forforming valid variable names. A first programming language may bedefined as allowing the ‘-’ (hyphen) character to be embedded in a validvariable name, but not the ‘_’ (underscore) character. A secondprogramming language may be defined as allowing the ‘_’ character, butnot the ‘-’ character. A mapping of valid variable names of the firstprogramming language to valid variable names of the second programminglanguage would involve mapping occurrences of ‘-’ to a differentcharacter, such as ‘_’, which is acceptable in the second programminglanguage environment.

In the example of mapping the ISO/IEC 9070 naming scheme to the UNIXfile name scheme, the separator ‘//’ is allowed in ISO/IEC 9070, but isnot a valid character sequence in the UNIX file system namingconventions. A user wishing to map valid ISO/IEC 9070 names to validUNIX file names needs to transform every occurrence of the separator‘//’ into a valid UNIX file name character string.

FIG. 20B illustrates an exemplary mapping of an ISO/IEC 9070 publicidentifier to a UNIX file name format. The exemplary mapping maps thestructured public identifier to a flat UNIX file name. Lines 1420, 1422,1424, and 1426 illustrate rules to map component name strings toidentical strings in the UNIX format. Line 1428 illustrates a rule tomap an ISO/IEC 9070 owner name component separator ‘::’, which is notwidely used, to the character ‘_’, which is a valid UNIX character. Line1430 illustrates a rule to map an ISO/IEC 9070 owner name, object namecomponent separator ‘//’, which is not a valid string in the UNIX fileformat, to ‘_’ (two underscore characters).

FIG. 20C illustrates an exemplary UNIX file name 1440 resulting frommapping the exemplary ISO/IEC 9070 name of FIG. 20A through the mappingof FIG. 20B. Ownername ‘XYZ’ of line 1400 of FIG. 20A is mapped to ‘XYZ’using the rule of line 1420 of FIG. 20B. The ‘//’ is mapped to ‘_’ usingthe rule of line 1430 of FIG. 20B. The three substrings ‘::’ in theobject name of public identifier 1400 of FIG. 20A are each mapped to acharacter ‘_’ using the rule 1428 of FIG. 20B.

FIG. 20D illustrates an exemplary user interface for mapping a publicidentifier 1502 of ISO/IEC 9070 to a UNIX file system format 1504. A mapeditor and creator 1500 maps names in the ISO/IEC 9070 convention tonames in the UNIX file system convention. An exemplary mapping startswith system display 1502 of public identifier components and a displayof valid UNIX file name components 1504. The public identifiercomponents 1502 are registered owner name, unregistered owner name, andobject name. A user selects one of these options. If owner name isselected, then the user is asked to select from prefix and owner-namecomponents 1522 in FIG. 20E. User options presented are a createdirectory 1506, a map 1508, a merge all 1510, a next 1512, and aprevious 1514. The create directory 1506 option allows the user tocreate a new directory name in the UNIX file system window 1504. The mapoption 1508 allows the user to request that a map be created at the timeof request. The merge all 1510 option allows the user to create a UNIXfile name 1504 by merging all the components of the public identifiername 1502 into a flat file name 1504. The next 1512 option allows theuser to step to a next screen. The previous 1514 option allows the userto back up to the previous screen.

FIG. 20E illustrates an exemplary user interface 1520 for a registeredowner 1522 component of the ISO/IEC 9070 public identifier 1502 of FIG.20D. User interface 1520 options presented are a window 1522 showing aprefix and an owner-name component. User options are a map individually1524, a merge both 1526, a next 1527, and a previous 1528. The mapindividually 1524 option allows the user to map individual components ofthe ISO/IEC 9070 name 1522 to individual components of the UNIX filesystem scheme 1504 of FIG. 20D. The merge both 1526 option allows theuser to merge components of the registered owner name 1522 into one flatUNIX file name or directory name. The next 1527 option allows the userto step to a next screen. The previous 1528 option allows the user toback up to the previous screen.

FIG. 20F illustrates an exemplary user interface 1530 for mapping theprefix, owner name component separator to the UNIX legal character setformat 1534. The registered owner component has a prefix and anowner-name component separator “::” 1532 which is not a widely usedcharacter string in the UNIX environment. The user is allowed to map the“::” separator 1532 to any of the valid characters in the UNIX filesystem character set 1534, with a mapping to ‘_’ as a default mapping.User options are a map 1536, a next 1537, and a previous 1538. The map1536 option allows the user to select creating a map, with theassumption that the user has finished selecting options for creation ofthe map. The next 1537 option allows the user to step to a next screen.The previous 1538 option allows the user to back up to the previousscreen.

FIG. 20G illustrates an exemplary user interface 1540 for mapping anowner name character 1542 to valid characters 1544 of the UNIX filesystem format. The user is given the options of mapping specialcharacters 1542 which are valid in the ISO/IEC 9070 scheme to characterswhich are valid in the UNIX file system scheme 1544. A mapping of acharacter in the ISO/IEC 9070 scheme 1542 is set to ‘_’ as a defaultmapping. The user is given options of a map 1546, a next 1548, and aprevious 1550. The map 1546 option allows the user to select creating amap, with the assumption that the user has finished selecting optionsfor creation of the map. The next 1548 option allows the user to step toa next screen. The previous 1550 option allows the user to back up tothe previous screen.

FIG. 20H illustrates an exemplary user interface 1560 for the user tomap a registered owner component 1562 to a UNIX file scheme format 1564.The user is allowed to select a prefix component of the registered ownername or an owner name component other than prefix 1562. The user isallowed to select a directory option in the UNIX scheme 1564. The useris also allowed to select a file with object name option in the UNIXfile scheme 1564. The user is given an option of a map 1566 for creatingthe map with the options currently selected. The user is also given anoption of a previous 1568 to back up to the previous screen.

The present invention has been described using an exemplaryimplementation of a mapping creator and editor for an SGML to HTMLtransformer with user interaction for creation and editing of the map,and an exemplary mapping creator and editor for an ISO/IEC 9070 to aUNIX file format transformer. The example shown in this disclosure usesOOP and Windows GUI techniques to implement the user interface, mapprocessing, and transformation. However, the user interface can beimplemented using text line queries or menus. Programming methodologiesother than OOP can be used for implementing the processing. Referencesto storage areas can be made by techniques other than using pointers.

This invention may be conveniently implemented using a conventionalgeneral purpose digital computer or microprocessor programmed accordingto the teachings of the present specification, as will be apparent tothose skilled in the computer art. Appropriate software coding canreadily be prepared by skilled programmers based on the teachings of thepresent disclosure, as will be apparent to those skilled in the softwareart. The invention may also be implemented by the preparation ofapplication specific integrated circuits or by interconnecting anappropriate network of conventional component circuits, as will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art.

The present invention includes a computer program product which is astorage medium including instructions which can be used to program acomputer to perform a process of the invention. The storage medium caninclude, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks,optical discs, CD-ROMs, and magneto-optical disks, ROMs, RAMS, EPROMS,EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable forstoring electronic instructions.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the presentinvention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is thereforeto be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, theinvention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein.

1. A method of mapping and transforming information in an XML format toinformation in an HTML format, comprising: inputting into a map editor astructural description of a first system that communicates over aprotocol having the XML format; inputting into the map editor astructural description of a second system that communicates over aprotocol having the HTML format; outputting from the map editor to agraphical user interface a representation of a translation between theXML format and the HTML format; inputting into a map editor from thegraphical user interface user preferences of the translation between theXML format and the HTML format; outputting from the map editor a mappingrule of the translation between the XML format and the HTML format,based on the inputting from the second system, first system, andgraphical user interface into the map editor; transforming a firstdocument having the XML format into a second document having the HTMLformat based on said mapping rule.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein theXML format has a Document Type Definition (DTD) directed hierarchy. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the HTML format has a Document TypeDefinition (DTD) directed hierarchy.
 4. A method of mapping andtransforming information in an XML format to information in HTML format,comprising: inputting into a map editor a first Document TypeDefinitions (DTDs) file of the XML format; inputting into the map editora second Document Type Definitions (DTDs) file of the HTML format;inputting into the map editor a first document having the XML format;outputting from the map editor a mapping rule of the translation betweenthe XML format and the HTML format, based on the inputting of the firstDTDs file, the second DTDs file, and the first document into the mapeditor; transforming the first document having the XML format into asecond document having the HTML format based on said mapping rule; andoutputting said second document to a browser that supports the HTMLformat.
 5. An apparatus for mapping and transforming information in anXML format to information in an HTML format, comprising: means forinputting into a map editor a structural description of a first systemthat communicates over a protocol having the XML format; means forinputting into the map editor a structural description of a secondsystem that communicates over a protocol having the HTML format; meansfor outputting from the map editor to a graphical user interface arepresentation of a translation between the XML format and the HTMLformat; means for inputting into a map editor from the graphical userinterface user preferences of translation between the XML format and theHTML format; means for outputting from the map editor a mapping rule ofthe translation between the XML format and the HTML format, based on theinputting from the second system, first system, and graphical userinterface into the map editor; means for transforming a first documenthaving the XML format into a second document having the HTML formatbased on said mapping rule.
 6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the XMLformat utilizes Document Type Definitions (DTDs).
 7. The apparatus ofclaim 5, wherein the HTML format utilizes Document Type Definitions(DTDs).
 8. An apparatus for mapping and transforming information in anXML format to information in an HTML format, comprising: means forinputting into a map editor a first Document Type Definitions (DTDs)file of the XML format; means for inputting into the map editor a secondDocument Type Definitions (DTDs) file of the HTML format; means forinputting into the map editor a first document having the XML format;means for outputting from the map editor a mapping rule of thetranslation between the XML format and the HTML format, based on theinputting of the first DTDs file, the second DTDs file, and the firstdocument into the map editor; means for transforming the first documenthaving the XML format into a second document having the HTML formatbased on said mapping rule; and means for outputting said seconddocument to a browser that supports the HTML format.